hi,
I am post graduate in pharmacy. I work in academia and research. I am the right person for writing articles related to pharmaceutical industry.
I believe in doing the work with 100% commitment and perfection. So I have reasonably opted to do 5 articles per day and finish work in 20 days.
Here is a sample of my work:
Amoxicillin:
Amoxicillin is a semisynthetic penicillin derivative, one among the oldest drugs prevalent in the market. It has been the hot research topic among the scientists over the 40 years and there have been significant scientific data establishing its promising long track record. FDA has approved its use in the treatment of ear, nose and throat infections, genitourinary infections, skin and skin structures infections, lower respiratory tract infections, sexually transmitted diseases and helicobacter pylori infections. It is also used for its investigational uses in treatment of chlamydial infections, prophylaxis for anthrax, endocarditis, typhoid fever and lyme disease.
Sir Alexander Fleming is best known for his serendipitous discovery of the antibiotic substance penicillin from the mould Penicillium notatum , for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945. Although, penicillins are historically famous for their antibacterial activity against staphylococci and streptococci, they were effective only against narrow spectrum of bacteria. Further pathogenic bacteria started to exhibit resistance to penicillins which led to tarnish the magical effects of penicillins. The discovery of amoxicillin by Beecham Research Laboratories in 1972 came as a great relief. Being amino penicillin derivative, amoxicillin can penetrate the gram negative bacteria better than the natural penicillin.
Amoxicillin is susceptible to degradation by ?-lactamase enzyme secreted by bacteria. So amoxicillin is co administered with clavulanic acid, a ?-lactamase inhibitor which helps in improving the efficiency of amoxicillin.
Amoxicillin was developed by addition of hydroxyl group to the benzene ring of ampicillin. As a result amoxicillin showed enhanced resistance to the ?-lactamase enzyme and degradation by gastric juices compared to ampicillin.
Amoxicillin binds to the penicillin-binding protein 1A located inside the bacterial cell wall. It inhibits the last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. This leads to defective cell wall and cell lysis mediated by autolytic enzymes in the bacterial cells. Amoxicillin is effective both against the cell wall of gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
Amoxicillin has shown great patient compliance with rapid drug absorption profile and effective distribution and penetration into body tissues and fluids except brain and spinal fluid. It is safe for use in paediatrics and pregnant women. Amoxicillin has half life of 5-6 hours. However in case of infants and elderly it may take longer time to excrete the drug.
Side effect: Side-effects include nausea, vomiting, rashes, and antibiotic-associated colitis. Loose bowel movements, mental changes, light-headedness, insomnia, confusion, anxiety, sensitivity to lights and sounds and unclear thinking.
Drug interactions: Amoxicillin shows agonistic effect on tetracyclines. It decreases the effects of some contraceptives and increases the effects of methotrexate.
Risk factors: Penicillin hypersensitivity reaction, mild allergy symptoms, such as a rash, tooth enamel defects in permanent teeth and amoxicillin induced morbilliform rash.
Available products of amoxicillin in the market: Amoxicillin is most commonly taken orally. Amoxicillin in trihydrate form is available as capsules, chewable and dispersible tablets, syrup, pediatric suspension, and as the sodium salt for intravenous administration. Research with mice indicates successful delivery using intraperitoneally injected amoxicillin-bearing microparticles.
Some marketed brand names are Amoxil, Augmentin, Betalaktam, Bioxidona, Curam, Duomox, E-Mox, Enhancin, Gimalxina, Geramox, Hiconcil, Starmox.
Regards,
Poornima