Best rate korean english freelance translator jobs
I'm in need of a talented UI designer to create a modern crypto landing page for a crypto presale. The page will be the first point of contac...Possible sections Header Hero Header How to Buy Tokenomics Road Map About us Etc all required pages Please apply if you have experience in Presale Landing Page Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in UI/UX design & Development with a strong portfolio showcasing modern and minimalist styles. - Prior experience with landing page design, particularly for fintech or crypto projects. - Understanding of conversion rate optimization principles to create a compelling and persuasive design. If this project sounds like a good fit for you, please reach out with examples of your previous work in similar projects. I'm looking forward to seeing ...
I'm seeking a talented content writer to create captivating blog articles. The primary focus will be on technology, health and wellness, and travel. Each article should be in the range of 500-1000 words...article should be in the range of 500-1000 words. Ideal candidates should: - Have prior experience in creating engaging blog content - Be able to write in a style that's both informative and entertaining - Be familiar with SEO principles and how to integrate them into articles - Have a good understanding of the topics of technology, health and wellness, and travel This role offers a competitive rate of $1 per 1000 words, and excellent feedback will be given for work well done. If you think you can deliver interesting, well-researched articles within these topics, I'...
I am in need of a proficient English tutor who can assist me in building up my Grammar, Writing, and Reading comprehension skills. This tutoring will be face to face and will pay $40 per hour. Key Requirements: - Excellent command over English Grammar, Writing, and Reading Comprehension. - Availability for 1-2 hours sessions every Tuesday evening. - Prior experience with tutoring Year 11 students will be an added advantage. Please note, this role requires a flexible and adaptive teaching method suited to individual learning styles. If you have the necessary skills and availability, I would love to hear from you.
I'm looking for a professional and skilled voice artist to assist with an undefined English voice project. As I haven't specifically outlined the use or duration, it's essential for the voice artist to be flexible with these details as we finalize the project. Ideal Skills and Experience Required: • Experienced English voice artist • Flexible and adaptable • Ability to work with undefined conditions • Priority given to those who have experience in diverse English voice projects
...About Funk Factory: Funk Factory is a vibrant and upcoming fashion brand based in Bangalore, India. We specialize in creating trendy and hip products that celebrate individuality and embrace the unconventional. Our product range includes t-shirts, bucket hats, wall frames, and more, all designed to make a statement and ignite creativity. Role Description: We are seeking a talented and versatile Freelance Graphic Designer and Stylist to join our creative team. The ideal candidate will be responsible for designing eye-catching graphics for our products, styling and modeling during photoshoots, and bringing our brand's vision to life through innovative design concepts and visual storytelling. Responsibilities: 1. Graphic Design: - Create up to 10 final designs per month f...
French to English Translation Required for translation
We are looking for an experienced freelance financial analyst to create an editable Excel-based franchise valuation model for a sports club. The model will be used to facilitate investment opportunities and should include relevant financial information to determine the franchise's value using industry-standard methodologies. Responsibilities: Develop an editable Excel-based franchise valuation model. Incorporate future projections of cost and revenue provided by us. Use industry-standard methodologies, such as Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) and Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), to determine franchise value. Ensure the model is comprehensive, user-friendly, and adaptable for future use. Requirements: Proven experience in financial analysis and valuation, particularly in t...
I'm seeking a talented content writer to create captivating blog articles. The primary focus will be on technology, health and wellness, and travel. Each article should be in the range of 500-1000 words...article should be in the range of 500-1000 words. Ideal candidates should: - Have prior experience in creating engaging blog content - Be able to write in a style that's both informative and entertaining - Be familiar with SEO principles and how to integrate them into articles - Have a good understanding of the topics of technology, health and wellness, and travel This role offers a competitive rate of $1 per 1000 words, and excellent feedback will be given for work well done. If you think you can deliver interesting, well-researched articles within these topics, I'...
I am seeking a skilled English-Russian translator for the translation of a metallurgical document. Key Requirements: - Translate a metallurgical introduction from English to Russian. - The translation is needed for personal use, and must be done accurately and professionally. - The project must be completed within one week. - The translated document should be sent via email. Ideal Skills: - Proven experience in English to Russian translation. - Background in metallurgy would be an advantage. - Ability to work under tight deadlines. - Excellent communication skills. I'm looking for someone who can handle this task efficiently and deliver high-quality results.
I'm looking for a dedicated Spanish-Thai translator freelancer to assist me in sourcing high-quality virgin human hair products in Bangkok. Key Responsibilities: - Attend business meetings with potential vendors - Negotiate deals and secure the best terms for the products Ideal Candidate: - very strong translation skills from Spanish to Thai - Strong negotiation skills - Excellent communication and networking abilities The ideal candidate will be able to help me source premium quality virgin hair products, and establish a reliable and cost-effective vendor network.
I am in the need of an experienced professional to help me set up 6 to 10 cold email accounts. This project does not entail content creation; I am well-prepared and have all the content ready. Your tasks would include, but are not limited to: - Email Provider Recommendation: While I do not ...10 email accounts ready for a cold email campaign. Ideally, you have a strong background in digital marketing, specifically email marketing, with a proven track record in similar projects. Furthermore, you should have an excellent understanding of internet and email protocols, as well as a strong understanding of email marketing best practices. What I aim for is an effective cold email setup that adheres to all regulations while ensuring a high deliverability rate. Looking forward t...
I am looking for someone to complete a project of translating English to German. PART 1 (To be completed in 1 week): Translating the following sign from English to German and make sure it scans well for a reader of German. Please ensure that you are accurate with the word "Macerator" (the sanitary device - brand name is sometimes "SANIBROY"). I will then do the graphic design and will need you to check it thoroughly in case I have made an error. "NOTICE: This toilet is fitted with a macerator pump which will become blocked if misused. The toilet is for disposal of human waste and toilet paper only. Do not flush anything else* as this will cause a blockage. *i.e. sanitary towels, tampons, cotton, cotton wool, wet wipes, kitchen roll, dental floss, ...
I am looking for someone to complete a project of translating English to Italian. PART 1 (To be completed in 1 week): Translating the following sign from English to Italian and make sure it scans well for a reader of Italian. Please ensure that you are accurate with the word "Macerator" (the sanitary device - brand name is sometimes "SANITRIT"). I will then do the graphic design and will need you to check it thoroughly in case I have made an error. "NOTICE: This toilet is fitted with a macerator pump which will become blocked if misused. The toilet is for disposal of human waste and toilet paper only. Do not flush anything else* as this will cause a blockage. *i.e. sanitary towels, tampons, cotton, cotton wool, wet wipes, kitchen roll, dental flos...
I am in need of a consultant who can help me specifically with sales automation on Pipe Drive. - You will primarily be responsible for improving our sales conversion rate. This involves optimizing the various processes involved in sales, from the initial lead generation to closing the deal. - Your expertise in Pipe Drive will be crucial in setting up a system that effectively automates these sales processes without sacrificing the quality of our customer interactions. - The ideal candidate is someone who has experience working with Pipe Drive, particularly in the area of sales automation. - Familiarity with social media and website lead generation will be a big plus, as these are the primary channels we are focusing on. Ultimately, the goal of this project is to increase our sales...
I am in need of an Excel relational database. The database should have the functionality to enter values automatically from an attached worksheet. The entry of these values will be based on specific criteria, more specifically, column values. Required Skills and Experience: - Strong knowledge and proficiency in Excel - Experience in database creation, management, and optimization - Und...- Strong knowledge and proficiency in Excel - Experience in database creation, management, and optimization - Understanding of data entry and data analysis - Proven experience in creating reporting capabilities within Excel. Using the "Reference data" tab, when the value in Column B is entered in the "Example worksheet" the corresponding values should automatically populate - Tarif...
...feature. Discuss requirements, ask questions, and clarify details directly within the app. Transparent Pricing: No hidden surprises! HandyConnect provides transparent pricing for all services upfront, ensuring users know exactly what to expect before booking. Say goodbye to haggling and hello to hassle-free transactions. Review and Rating System: Your feedback matters. After each service, users can rate and review their experience, helping others make informed decisions. Service providers are incentivized to maintain high-quality service standards to earn positive reviews. Secure Payment Options: Rest assured knowing your transactions are secure. HandyConnect offers multiple secure payment options, allowing users to pay for services conveniently within the app. Here is more info...
I'm in search of someone who can efficiently navigate job applications on popular platforms. Max pay rate is $2 per hour. I am looking for someone who can do the following: - Job application on , LinkedIn, and Indeed. - Experience applying for technology-related roles preferred. - Good communicator who can update me regularly on application statuses.
I am looking for a proficient specialist who can modify my IRR (Internal Rate of Return) spreadsheet aimed at financial analysis. The main requirement is unspecified modifications, suggesting that I need a freelancer who can intuitively understand how to improve the spreadsheet based on its current state and purpose. The IRR spreadsheet is used mainly for analyzing financial data, with a specific focus on calculating the Internal Rate of Return. Ideal Skills Required: - Expertise in financial analysis, particularly in calculating the Internal Rate of Return - Strong understanding of Excel spreadsheets, their functionalities, formatting, and calculation adjustments - Ability to assess existing tools and intuitively suggest and implement improvements. Please do not b...
I am seeking a skilled freelance engineer or designer with experience in building mechanical prototypes. The task at hand involves creating an adapter for DrinkMate to a universal bottle. The project will involve: - Collaborating with me to determine appropriate dimensions for the adapter. - Designing a CAD file for the adapter, ready for 3D printing. Note that I have no preference for the 3D file format, so we can decide on the best one for this project. - Creating a physical prototype of the adapter as well as the CAD file. (this may be a second phase) Ideally, I am looking for someone with experience in 3D printing, mechanical design, and of course, proficiency in CAD software. Open communication and a collaborative nature is highly valued in the completion of this task....
I'm seeking a talented content writer to create captivating blog articles. The primary focus will be on technology, health and wellness, and travel. Each article should be in the range of 500-1000 words...article should be in the range of 500-1000 words. Ideal candidates should: - Have prior experience in creating engaging blog content - Be able to write in a style that's both informative and entertaining - Be familiar with SEO principles and how to integrate them into articles - Have a good understanding of the topics of technology, health and wellness, and travel This role offers a competitive rate of $1 per 1000 words, and excellent feedback will be given for work well done. If you think you can deliver interesting, well-researched articles within these topics, I'...
I am aiming to enhance my personal collection with a custom anime acrylic scene. The scene should feature Zoro from One Piece and V...collection with a custom anime acrylic scene. The scene should feature Zoro from One Piece and Vegeta from Dragon Ball training at the Capsule Corp. I am particularly interested in a detailed, realistic interpretation of these characters. The freelance artist's knowledge of and enthusiasm for anime is crucial, especially the aforementioned series. Knowledge and experience i would like to be able to have this prined on a canvas or acryllic painting , as this piece will hold a prized place in my personal collection. I intend to have it autographed by the english voice actor for vegeta and zoro on june 21 also would like the dimencions to be ...
I'm in need of a Logistics Analyst with the ability to handle different aspects of our supply chain. We are seeking a Freelance Logistics Analyst to develop a comprehensive monthly business review for our 3PL management operations (Warehouse and transportation) . The ideal candidate will compile performance data, analyze logistics processes, and present findings in a structured report. Responsibilities: - Gather and analyze logistics data to assess performance. - Create monthly business review reports highlighting key metrics and insights. - Suggest improvements based on data analysis. Required Skills: - Proven experience in logistics analysis or supply chain management. - Strong analytical and reporting skills. - Proficient in data visualization and presentation tools. I...
...spirituality. We invite top and world class teachers to each in different subjects. I’m in need of a marketing professional with a deep understanding of digital marketing strategies and website optimization. Your responsibilities will include: 1. Website Optimisation: - Improve both the user experience and sales funnel. An ideal candidate would have experience in UX/UI design and conversion rate optimization. 2. Social Media Management: - For platforms including Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn. The focus is on creating engaging content, increasing audience engagement, and improving brand visibility. 3. Competitor Analysis: - Identify our strengths and weaknesses compared to our competitors'. The goal is to identify areas of improvement and...
...Integration - Secure payment processing for transactions - Notification System - Push notifications for new listings, messages, bids, etc. - Admin Panel - Backend dashboard for managing users, listings, payments, and overall platform operations. - Analytics and Reporting - Insights into user activity, popular listings, revenue generation, etc. - Rating and Review System: - Allow users to rate and review sellers based on their experiences Key Features for the Web Application: - User registration/login - Listing management - Auction management (The same features mentioned in the mobile app) - Responsive design for seamless experience across devices - Integration with third-party APIs (if necessary like weather forcast data) - Scalability for future enhancements an...
I'm in need of an experienced translator, who is proficient in both Spanish and English. The project involves translating a set of marketing materials - such as brochures, flyers or social media content - from Spanish to English. Key Requirements: - Proficiency in Spanish and English, with a keen eye for detail in terms of grammar and context. - Experience in marketing translation is a big plus, as the tone needs to be maintained correctly. - Ability to maintain a formal and professional tone in the translation is essential. If you can deliver high-quality, accurate translations that convey the original message in a suitable manner for the English-speaking audience, I'd love to hear from you. Please detail your relevant experience in your pr...
This is job is only available for the of Bangladesh.. We are seeking a talented freelance web designer/developer to create a custom template for our existing website, While we admire the design and layout of , we are looking for a unique template that aligns with our brand identity and specific requirements. some pages are already done you can see in our staging site : We need Following templates to be design in our site: Home Engagement Models Solutions Expertise Technology Expertise All Technologies All Software Developers Developer Skill Recruitment Clients About Contact Outsourcing Handbook Why Outsource Why Nearshore Insights
I need a professional translator to convert my book, "A Beloved Sin", from English to Italian.
I'm quickly in need of a native French speaker who can translate English to French. The specifics of the project, such as the type of content and its length, were not specified. The same goes for the subject matter of the documents. Therefore, the ideal freelancer will: - Be adaptable across different content types (e.g. website content, legal documents, marketing materials) - Be flexible in dealing with varying document lengths - Possess broad subject matter expertise (ideally, in technical, medical, and business fields) - Display a high level of responsiveness and open communication given the unspecified nature of the project's details. Your bid should reflect the broad scope of potential work involved.
I'm looking for a skilled Arabic translator with a background in Information Technology to help me convert a technical website from English to Arabic. The website: The translation will be wordpress plugin and wordpress platform to do the translation. Key Points: - Translate: The primary task will be to accurately translate all English content on the website to Arabic. This includes not just text, but also buttons, forms, menu items, and so on. - Technical Content: The website contains a lot of technical content, so experience in this area is crucial. A good understanding of IT terminology and concepts is necessary to ensure that the meaning is preserved in the translation. - Localization: The translated website should be fully localized, ensuring that it is ...
French to English Translation Required for translation
I need a fluent French to English translator to work on translating a 50-page business document and a web page. - Requirement: * Immense knowledge and understanding of both English and French languages. * Experience in translating business documents. * Accurate translation that maintains original meaning and subtleties. * Fast and efficient without compromising quality. - Key Skills: * Proficiency in French and English languages. * Familiarity with business terminology. * Prior experience in website and PDF document translation. This project requires a fast turnaround, so previous experience and expertise in this kind of document translation will be an added advantage.
...فعال - سجل حافل في تقديم المشاريع الناجحة - معرفة أفضل الممارسات الصناعية في مجال تطوير البرمجيات، وخاصة لتطبيقات الهاتف المحمول. سيتطلب منك هذا الدور قيادة الفريق، وتوجيههم خلال تعقيدات المشروع، والتأكد من أن نتائج المشروع على أعلى مستوى. ستكون مساهمتك وتوجيهاتك جزءًا لا يتجزأ من نجاحنا. اوقات العمل: حرًا ويعمل يوميًا او متقطع وقت كامل full time part time بيئة العمل: مستقل/عبر الإنترنت freelance/online remotely العمل والاجتماعات عن بعد عبر برنامج Zoom. -- نظام العمل: ينقسم العمل إلى خطوات وأهداف وأوقات منظمة يتفق عليها الطرفان. يتم الدفع مباشرة بعد التسليم دون تأخير من مدير المشروع. -- إجمالي المبلغ الممول للعقد: 100 دولار أرسل اهتمامك و بياناتك. ليتم إدراجه في قائمة الاختيار. تفاصيل وتوضيح اكثر. متاح لقاء زوم
...reporting and asset tracking. Ensure the app functions smoothly on different devices. Provide support with testing and debugging. Qualifications: Proven experience with Glide Apps, especially in setting up relational databases. Ability to design for user-friendliness. Capable of independent and collaborative work. Fluent in English with excellent communication skills. Working Conditions: Project-based, hourly rate engagement. Flexible work schedule, tailored around project needs. Communication and updates will be managed online. If this project interests you, please apply with your resume and a brief cover letter highlighting your experience with Glide and examples of previous projects, particularly those that showcase simplicity an...
I need a skilled translator to convert Kannada marketing content into Hindi. The task involves maintaining the persuasive and compelling tone of the original content while ensuring cultural appropriateness. Ideal Skills: - Fluency in Kannada and Hindi - Marketing translation experience - Cultural knowledge in Karnataka and Hindi-speaking regions. The freelancer should be able to complete the task efficiently and effectively, maintaining the integrity of the original message. Experience in the marketing industry will be a plus.
I am seeking a capable developer to create a vibrant, Google Play-like application for Android and the Web. Key features should include: • User Ratings and Reviews: Users should be able to rate and review apps within the interface. • Push Notifications: The system should have the ability to send push notifications to users. • In-app Purchases: The application should support in-app purchases for various services or items. The design should be vibrant and colorful, appealing to a wide range of users. The ideal freelancer for this job would have extensive experience in design-focused app development, UX/UI design, and implementing e-commerce within an app environment. Proficiency in Android and Web development is required.
Required skills and experience: - Native (original language) English speaker - Experience in detailed online and where necessary offline (such as libraries, reference books and primary source material) research and systematic organisation and presentation of results and activities undertaken - Qualifications and/or experience in the field of English literature and language - current or completed tertiary study in a relevant field such as English Literature, Classics, Journalism, Marketing Communications, etc - Demonstrated proficiency in the use of MS Office - in particular Word, Excel and Outlook - Attention to detail and ability to work efficiently without direct supervision to generate the required outcomes - Location/time zone is flexible however the above r...
I'm in search of a bilingual sales agent who can communicate fluently in English. This role will primarily involve selling services, which may include mainly closed sales on chat, cold calling, consultation, or similar. Key Responsibilities: - Communicate with clients in English. - Sell services to potential customers - Manage both cold calls and inbound inquiries effectively - Provide excellent customer service - Maintain detailed records of interactions Ideal Candidate: - Proficiency in both English - Previous experience in sales, particularly in selling services, is highly desirable - Excellent communication and negotiation skills - Ability to handle both cold calling and inbound inquiries - Adept at building and maintaining client relationships - Strong org...
Overview: Seeking a talented freelance Content Creator to craft 15-30 reels and shorts, focusing on spiritual and devotional themes edits Immediate start with potential for ongoing collaboration. Responsibilities: 1. Produce 15-30 reels and shorts , 30 seconds to 1 minutes each, centered on spiritual and devotional topics and events 2. Conceptualize original ideas in line with brand values and audience preferences. 3. Source high-quality footage, music, and assets to elevate content. 4. Edit content for exceptional professionalism and creativity. 5. Collaborate closely with the team for feedback and refinement. 6. Stay updated on industry trends to enhance content effectiveness. Requirements: 1. Proven video editing experience, with a strong portfolio in spiritual or devotional c...
...launch a Korean skincare line targeting women's beauty needs in Spain. The project involves a comprehensive product launch campaign to create a buzz and introduce the line to the market. Key Responsibilities: - Develop a strategic plan for the product launch - Create engaging promotional content to increase brand awareness - Implement marketing strategies to drive direct sales Skills and Experience: - Prior experience in launching skincare products - Proficiency in creating and executing product launch campaigns - Understanding of the Korean cosmetics market and its trends - Ability to target and engage the women's demographic This project is ideal for someone with a creative mindset, a strong background in skincare, and a flair for product launches. If you ha...
I'm looking for a skilled individual who can configure the performance of my LDPC system within the context of high-level QAM modulation. The system is simulated in Matlab Simulink using the Communication Toolbox. Key Requirements: - Configuring the LPDC system with high-level QAM modulation - Handling system performance over Rayleigh fading and AGWN channels - Achieving a desirable Bit Error Rate (BER) and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) The task involves fine-tuning the current setup to ensure that the BER and SNR are optimized for the LPDC system. The candidate is expected to have a deep understanding of signal processing, error correction coding, and modulation schemes. Experience with Matlab Simulink and the Communication Toolbox is a plus. The ability to interpret simulatio...
$400 Commission-Based Cold Caller Compensation: Earn $400 for each deal our agency closes as a direct result of your efforts. Your role involves making approximately 100-150 calls daily, aiming to secure around 5 bookings. From these, we typically close 2 new clients. This high commission rate is reflective of the crucial role you play in our agency's success. Description: We are a marketing agency specializing in services for home improvement businesses. We are currently seeking a highly motivated and dynamic Cold Caller to join our team on a commission-only basis. Responsibilities: - Make 100-150 cold calls daily to potential clients. - Use provided scripts and frameworks to secure bookings. - Utilize GoHighLevel for setting appointments (training provided if necessary...
I'm in need of an experienced translator who can convert a set of legal documents from Spanish to Chinese. Key Requirements: - Translate legal documents from Spanish to Chinese - Ensure the translated content is accurate, clear, and maintains the legal terminology - Prior experience in translating legal documents is highly preferred Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in Spanish and Chinese - Proven experience in translating legal documents - Knowledge of legal terminology in both Spanish and Chinese - Attention to detail and accuracy in translation - Strong communication skills and ability to work within deadlines
...aims to provide seamless user authentication and secure communication between Android, iOS apps, and backend servers. Key Features: User Registration and Login: Users can register using their mobile numbers and receive OTP for verification; Upon successful verification, users can log in securely using their registered mobile numbers. OTP Verification and Rate Limiting: Implement OTP verification for user registration and login; Integrate rate limiting to prevent abuse and ensure security during OTP verification. JWT Authentication: Generate JWT tokens upon successful OTP verification for secure authentication between client apps and the server; Implement token-based authentication for subsequent API requests. Refer Code and Wallet Creation: Upon successful OTP verifica...
I'm in need of a logo for my web design company, zuwip. This logo should be Elegant and modern. I am looking for a logo design and then font zuwip to the right of the logo. How ratings work (I will rate every single logo that comes in) 5 Star - Winner 4 Star - Highly Considering 3 Star - Maybe? 2 Star - Not Bad, but no 1 Star - Not at all Key Points: - The logo must reflect the elegance of the company, focusing on its web design services. - A modern, sleek and polished look is required. - As of now, I am open to your creativity in terms of what visual elements to include. DO NOT USE AI TO CREATE THE LOGO, DO NOT STEAL LOGO IDEAS FROM GOOLGE I WILL CHECK.
I'm a content writer looking to upgrade my freelancer account and get more daily basis projects. I need guidance on how to upgrade my account and get more projects. Key Requirements: - Assistance on upgrading my freelancer account - Guidance on how to attract daily projects - Tips and tricks for securing consistent work Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in freelance platforms - Strong understanding of content writing and what clients look for - Knowledge on how to get more daily projects Please share your experience, and how you can help me achieve my goals.
I'm in need of a professional freelance with an outstanding ability to edit a person into a photo. The purpose of this project is to provide someone with a memorable photo that has a surreal theme. Expectations: Hi, my family couldn't attend my graduation, so I'd love it if you added them to my graduation photo. - Seamless integration of a person into an existing photo - Attention to detail to maintain surreal realism in the image - Placing a high emphasis on the natural look of the edited picture Ideal skills: - Expertise in Photoshop and photo-editing - Experience in surreal-themed photo editing - Highly attentive to minute details
I'm looking for a translation expert to convert my application's user interface from English to Modern Standard Arabic and French. Key requirements include: - Expertise in English, Modern Standard Arabic, and French language translation - Proficiency in using next-intl library for translation in applications - Experienced in translating User Interface components of applications Applicants with prior experience in translating apps using next-intl would be preferred.
I'm seeking a talented content writer to create captivating blog articles. The primary focus will be on technology, health and wellness, and travel. Each article should be in the range of 500-1000 words...article should be in the range of 500-1000 words. Ideal candidates should: - Have prior experience in creating engaging blog content - Be able to write in a style that's both informative and entertaining - Be familiar with SEO principles and how to integrate them into articles - Have a good understanding of the topics of technology, health and wellness, and travel This role offers a competitive rate of $1 per 1000 words, and excellent feedback will be given for work well done. If you think you can deliver interesting, well-researched articles within these topics, I'...
