Thank you for your consideration. It is possible to do what you want in the time, but i will need all the information up front.
Name, color scheme, existing logo(if you have one you want to work off), fonts. Little bit about the company.
Normally I would go over this with you. Get a feel for what the company represents do simple silhouette type drawings, narrow down to three, do gray scaled versions of those with further detail, then go over color schemes if the company does not already have. And finally go over different font types, depending on the company font style is important (don't want comic sans representing a legal firm or any business really)
From the logo, everything else falls into place. business cards should reflect the logo same with everything else, down to the furniture that fills your offices.
If you do have the time, I would highly recommend taking your time with this process.