A proposal is a formal document that outlines a plan, suggestion, or offer presented for consideration or approval. It typically includes an introduction, background information, objectives, methodology, timeline, budget, and conclusion. Proposals are commonly used in business, academia, government, and other fields to pitch ideas, projects, products, or services to potential clients, sponsors, investors, or stakeholders. They should be clear, well-organized, persuasive, and tailored to the audience's needs and interests.