Convert csv to excel mac jobs
I am seeking an experienced developer to convert my current image processing project, coded in C++, into Verilog and run on FPGA device using HLS Vitis. The existing project has: - Edge detection capabilities - Image segmentation capabilities The primary goal of this project is not to enhance or alter the images, but to convert the existing codebase from C++ to Verilog, utilizing HLS Vitis. With your expertise: - Maintain the integrity of the current functionalities during conversion - Reframe the C++ code to Verilog language ensuring a seamless running on an FPGA device. The successful bidder should have significant experience with Verilog, C++, and HLS Vitis, as well as a good understanding of Image Processing algorithms, especially Ed...
I am seeking an experienced RPA Developer to automate tasks relating to Excel and Web interaction. Basically you will take 1 data from 1 excel cell (example cell d5) with that data you will create an hyperlink you will open a broswer tab with that link analize the result of the web programming 1 or 2 IF statements Proceed to generate the unatended "clicks" in that web close the tab iterate with the next excel cell (in this case d6) repeat the web process Until Excel's data EOF Everything configurable via external TXT file - name of the excel file - starting cell - basic hyperlink - how to compose the final hyperlink - the IFs statements - the sequence of clicks for each IF condition Immediate offers after posting ...
...Proficiency in Word, Excel, and PowerPoint is required. - Vettrak Student Management System: Experience with this software is beneficial but not mandatory. - Dropbox: Familiarity and experience with file management on Dropbox. - Facebook and Instagram. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Previous experience in administration, data entry, and customer service roles. - Intermediate proficiency in Microsoft Office Suite. - Experience with social media platforms Facebook and instagram for marketing and communication purposes. - Experience with Dropbox or similar file management systems. - Strong communication skills and attention to detail. - Ability to work independently and remotely. If you are reliable, have the relevant skills, and are comfortable working from home, I ...
I am in need of a skilled bookkeeping specialist proficient in Tally data entry and Excel data entry and formatting. Key Tasks: - Entering less than 100 entries per week into Tally. - Formatting and managing Excel data. The work will be ongoing, with updates and reports required weekly. Ideal Candidate: - Must possess extensive experience with Tally and Excel. - Proficiency in bookkeeping and data entry. - Ability to handle tasks efficiently and with a high degree of accuracy. - Understanding of financial reports and data reconciliation. The ideal freelancer will be able to deliver clean, well-organized data, and provide timely reports. If you have the skills and experience required, please get in touch.
I am looking for someone proficient in typing to convert content from a 30 page PDF into Word and Excel documents. The majority of the content will go in Word with a few items to be transcribed into Excel. Requirements: - High typing accuracy and speed - Familiarity with Word and Excel formatting Specific instructions: - For Word, the content should be formatted in Calibri 12 point font and single spaced. - For Excel, maintain one row per entry for optimal readability. Ideal candidates should have prior experience in similar data entry tasks. Familiarity with PDF conversion tools, text formatting, and spreadsheet management would be a plus.
I'm looking for a skilled WordPress developer to convert my single page HTML portfolio website into a WordPress site. The main goal is to have my portfolio displayed in a user-friendly manner, and I have a design that I would like to be implemented. Key points to consider: - The design for the site is already provided. The chosen freelancer will need to convert this into a WordPress theme. - My website primarily serves as a portfolio for my work, so the focus is on showcasing images and descriptions in a clean, organized manner. - While I haven't specified any particular WordPress plugins to be used, I'm open to suggestions that could enhance the site's functionality and SEO. Ideal Skills/Experience: - P...
I'm looking for a skilled professional who can convert a Hindi language book in PDF format to an editable DOCX file. Key Requirements: - The purpose of this conversion is to allow easy editing of the text. - The DOCX file should maintain the content in a simple text format without much additional formatting. Delivery Method: - The PDF file will be provided via email. Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in Hindi language to ensure accurate conversion of text. - Experience in PDF to DOCX conversions. - Attention to detail to ensure the content is accurately transcribed. Please keep in mind that the converted document should be easily editable and maintain the original content's integrity. I look forward to receiving competitiv...
I am on the lookout for a ta...in the domain of self-help literature. The project involves writing a complete self-help book and will require the freelancer to have: - Strong proficiency in English writing, grammar, and punctuation - Prior experience in working on self-help or similar genre projects - Ability to creatively convert ideas into engaging & persuasive content - Capability to incorporate given feedback with prompt edits Please note, the process will demand a close collaboration and regular communication for providing updates, receiving inputs, and ensuring the project stays on track. The ideal candidate will have diligence for timelines, an appreciation for the genre, and dedication to quality output. Your previous work samples in the sel...
...can export the text and numeric data from a PDF table into an Excel spreadsheet. I would like the Excel data to be organized according to the fields in the PDF table. All fields in the PDF table should be included in the Excel sheet. Key requirements: - Export text and numeric data from a PDF table into an Excel spreadsheet - Organize the data on Excel according to the fields in the PDF table - Include all fields in the PDF table in the Excel sheet Ideal Candidate: - Proficient in PDF to Excel data transfer - Excellent attention to detail for verifying and cross-checking data - Familiarity with text and numeric data formatting in Excel - Capable of delivering accurate and organized final result...
I am seeking a translator and voice-over artist to effectively convert a 10,000-word business PowerPoint presentation into Bengali and Oriya languages. The successful freelancer's responsibilities will include: - Translating the text while ensuring a transformative translation that addresses the cultural context. - Delivering professional voice over in formal language consistent with the business theme. The ideal candidate should: - Be proficient in both Bengali and Oriya languages. - Have experience in transformative translation, specifically tailoring the content to fit cultural nuances. - Have expertise in providing formal, professional voice over services. - Have understanding or background in business presentations is a plus. Please ensure that all tran...
I am seeking a diligent freelancer with strong attention to detail and experience with Microsoft Excel and Shopify for a data entry project. Having a deep understanding of these two platforms is crucial to the seamless execution of the task. The project involves: - Using a spreadsheet to find and identify approx 4500 books on Amazon. - Using an online import tool to bring book data into a Shopify website - Adding extra product information in the shopify website from the spreadsheet about the book. - Determine the genre of the book and categorising in shopify accordingly. The ideal candidate should have: - Proven experience in data entry, preferably within Shopify. - Access to US version of Amazon. - Proficiency in Microsoft Excel. - High ...
...professional to build a customized Excel plugin that will enhance my financial data management. Key Features: - Automatic Calculations: The plugin should be capable of performing automatic calculations, saving time, and minimizing any possible errors. - Data Validation: Ensuring data accuracy is crucial, thus the plugin should include data validation steps that help identify and correct any inaccuracies promptly. - Customizable Formatting: To enable smoother navigation and interpretation, the plugin should allow for customizable formatting tailored to my data and personal preferences. - Model Versioning: Unlike other models that auto-update or create new versions, I require a plugin that allows me to manually select the version to work w...
I have a list of addresses for invitations that need to be transcribed from a handwritten list into an Excel spreadsheet. The addresses should be formatted consistently in the following structure: Name, Street Address, City, State, Zip Code. - Handwritten list will be provided, and should be transcribed accurately - Standardize the address format for consistency - No correction needed for typos, just ensure the format is standardized The ideal freelancer for this project would have: - Proficiency with Excel for data entry and formatting - Attention to detail to ensure accuracy and consistency - Experience with handling addresses or similar data is a plus
I'm in need of an intermediate-level PostgreSQL developer to convert MySQL scripts into PostgreSQL. The tasks I need completed include: - Converting existing MySQL scripts to PostgreSQL. Expect to handle scripts that are between 100 and 500 lines. - Ensuring that the converted scripts work correctly and efficiently. Ideal candidates will have a solid background in both MySQL and PostgreSQL, with a focus on performance optimization. Proficiency in debugging and problem-solving is highly preferred. Please submit your bid if you can confidently translate these scripts while ensuring full functionality and optimized performance. Your experience and portfolio will be a decisive factor in this project, as I place a great importance on proven skills.
...promote my physical products to parents. The campaign will focus on leveraging social media platforms alongside blogs and websites. Key Requirements: - Demonstrable experience with effective affiliate marketing and promotion of physical products. - Proven success in targeting and engaging with parents as a specific audience. The freelancer should be able to: - Create and implement a comprehensive affiliate marketing strategy primarily focusing on social media platforms and blogs/websites. - Analyze and optimize the campaign to reach and convert parents. Ideal Skills: - Affiliate Marketing - Social Media Marketing - Content Creation and Marketing - SEO - Understanding of the Parent demographic and market Please provide your relevant experience and how you ...
...an experienced Excel professional to assist with the implementation of various financial formulas and functions in my spreadsheets. I am trying to create an excel sheet for sales people to put some data entry and get final pricing. i have the basic excel sheet ready, and if you willing to work on it i can share it and explain in more details In particular, I need help with: - The execution and application of financial functions specifically. - An ability to accurately conduct cost and estimating calculations. - Strong problem-solving skills to fine-tune formulas for efficiency and accuracy. A background in finance and substantial experience with Excel's wide array of financial functions would be very advantageous for...
...sophisticated chatbot solution. This chatbot should have the capability to interact with and analyse documents uploaded to it – including PDF, Excel, and Word files. Here is what I am expecting: Document Interaction: • Extract information from PDF, Excel and Word files • Provide document descriptions that enable efficient and informative interactions Graph Generation: • Generate graphical representations from data extracts • Capable of creating bar charts, pie charts, and line graphs Desirable Skills & Experience: • Expertise in Django is a must • A good understanding and experience of GT4 API • Knowledge of ORM and DRF • Familiarity with data visualization may come in handy To recap, I'm se...
I'm reaching out for a freelancer with Kajabi expertise to assist me in setting up a comprehensive automation system on the platform, alongside helping me get my webinar up and running. Key Responsibilities: - Implement Email Automation: I need assistance in setting up an effective system for automated emails that can engage and convert leads. - Develop Sales Funnel Automation: To drive conversions efficiently, I'd like to integrate a well-structured sales funnel automation. - Establish Lead Capture Automation: It's crucial that we capture leads effectively and then nurture them through automation. Webinar Goals: - The webinar on Kajabi has a dual-purpose: generating leads and facilitating product/service sales. Primary Need: - While I have ...
I'm seeking a proficient PHP Developer, capable of performing specific tasks like PHP scripting without CMS/Framework. The core responsibility will be to parse strings and files, specifically CSV files. The ideal candidate is someone with strong PHP scripting skills, problem-solving attitude, and expertise in CSV file parsing. Your primary goal will be to customize the functionality of my website by automating some repetitive tasks and creating dynamic content. Experience with unstructured data formats like CSV will be critical to your success in this position.
I need a proficient freelancer to assist in the conversion of a PDF and an Excel file into a CSV format, specifically tailored for WIX integration. Key Requirements: - Conversion of a PDF file into a CSV format. The PDF contains crucial information that needs to be extracted and transformed into an easily readable and usable format for WIX. - The Excel file contains customer data, specifically including names, email addresses, and phone numbers. This information should also be integrated into the CSV file. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Strong expertise in data conversion, particularly from PDF and Excel to CSV. - Familiarity with WIX Integration - including the ability to format the CSV file in a way th...
I am seeking a proficient R programmer to assist with the evaluation of statistical significance in a large dataset. This project will involve data cleaning processes to address missing data, outliers, and unbalanced classes from CSV files. An in-depth understanding of advanced analytics and R programming is needed. • Proficiency in R language • Experience handling CSV files • Strong ability with data cleaning methods (dealing with missing data, accurately identifying outliers, working with unbalanced classes) • Expertise in evaluating statistical significance The selected candidate should not only have technical expertise but also the ability to interpret data and present findings in a clear, concise manner. This project shall pave ...
...collaborate to convert raw data into clear, visual and interactive dashboards. Here are the specific needs for this project: Power BI Tasks - Effectively perform Data modeling, Data visualization and dashboard creation using Power BI - Work with various data sources that include Excel Spreadsheets, SQL databases, Online APIs, and Azure Graphics Tasks: -Even though I didn't specify any graphical needs, any creative approach or design skills you can bring to the project to enhance the visual aspect of the data would be appreciated. Ideal Candidate - Proficient in Power BI - Experienced in working with multiple data sources - Has a knack for graphic design - Detail-oriented and data-driven - Can effectively translate data into digestible informat...
I'm in need of a professional to help populate my BIGIN CRM with contact information from an Excel file. The task will involve: - Transferring data from Columns A, B, C of my Excel file to BIGIN CRM. - Achieving appropriate data segregation based on geographic location within the CRM. This task will require a keen attention to detail and strong experience in and BIGIN CRM and integrate emails to Outlook. A solid understanding and experience in data segregation & bIGIN PLATFORM is also key for successful delivery of this project. The aim is to streamline my contacts for easier management. Your keen knowledge of geography and ability to dissect contact data is highly needed.
The objective of my project is to construct a comprehensive Regenerative Augmented Generation (RAG) model, bolstered by invaluable internal company data, which I will provide. Specifically, I'm targeting: - The expertise to convert raw data inputs into a functional RAG for superior strategic decisions. - Fluency in managing and synthesizing large datasets. - Demonstrated success in previous related projects. Suitable freelancers should showcase: - Relevant experience in building RAG models. - Proficiency in handling vast internal company datasets. - Strong data analysis and interpretation skills. - Ability to maintain confidentiality of the company's internal information. Looking forward to collaborating on this exciting project!
...certain aspects of Excel 2016, I need an experienced VBA Developer who can assist in creating custom Excel functions and rectifying existing Excel errors. Key duties will include: - Macros programming to automate repetitive tasks - Troubleshooting and fixing inaccuracies in the current Excel functions, if any Despite my lack of specificity about the exact functions or errors, I expect the developer to have a strong understanding of Excel functions in general and to use this knowledge to identify any issues that may exist. Ideal candidates should: - Have significant experience in VBA development - Have a solid understanding of custom Excel functions - Be proficient in troubleshooting & error handling in Exc...
I need to have an excel sheet to track expenses made on each items coming under 'purchases for office construction works', stationery for office, project software tool like project management tools, hosting service plans etc also for nterior decoration, expense on inaugration and also i need to list expected cost for future purchases
I am currently in need of a proficient Excel expert capable of aiding me in data analysis for my investment data portfolio. The Ideal Candidate Should: - Have in-depth knowledge and experience in Excel, particularly in handling and managing large amounts of data with efficiency. - Be familiar with investment-related data and understand trends to aid in analysis. - Be able to demonstrate past work on similar projects, ideally in the investment sector. Project Scope: - The task involves in-depth data analysis of my investment portfolio which encompasses various types of data. - The freelancer will need to interpret and analyze the data using advanced Excel formulas and techniques. The successful freelancer should include their past work in their...
...Python and Excel to assist with data analysis and manipulation tasks. The central focus will be: - Data Reshaping: You'll be transferring data from daily received *.xls files to a timeseries database. Tee database must be updated regularly, every day when one or more new datasets are available. - Data Cleaning: This involves improving the quality of data in our Excel files. Inaccuracies are often a result of missing data, which you'll need to identify and rectify. Key skills and experience needed: - Proficient in using Python with Excel for data analysis and manipulation. - Expertise in data cleaning, particularly in identifying and addressing missing data, double occurences, inconsistent datas - Experience in reshaping data ...
...looking for a VBA programmer to help me with creating custom functions and macros for data analysis in Excel. Key Tasks: - Creating Macros: The project involves developing macros that can automate repetitive tasks and facilitate data analysis. - Building Custom Functions: I need custom functions to aid in data cleaning and manipulation, as well as report generation. Ideal Skills: - Proven experience in VBA programming, especially in Excel. - Strong background in automating tasks and data analysis. - Ability to develop custom functions for data cleaning and report generation. Output: - The generated reports should be in an Excel spreadsheet format, as well as a PDF document. Please provide samples of your previous VBA work, specifically a...
I am in need of an experienced illustrator with a sharp eye for architec...with a sharp eye for architectural style and medium-level detail. Your task will be to convert about 100 of my basic 2D and 3D architectural line art illustrations into 3D line art illustrations. The output can be in colourful or black and white, but they should be visually appealing and clean. Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in creating architectural style illustrations - Experienced in creating detailed illustrations - Ability to transform 2D designs into 3D line art The architectural style should be modern, keeping the design minimalist with an emphasis on detaild, cleanliness and appeal. Your creativity will be greatly appreciated in this project, and I look forward to seeing your inno...
I'm looking for a skilled MS Excel professional who can work on a multi-sheet file that requires data analysis, formula application, and design enhancements. Key Requirements: - Data Analysis: The primary aspect of this project is to analyze the existing data. - Formulas and Functions: Implementing formulas and functions to drive accurate calculations and insights. - Formatting and Design: Enhancing the visual appeal of the sheets, ensuring they are user-friendly and professional. The file contains 2-5 sheets, and I anticipate that the work will involve a mix of data analysis, formula implementation, and design adjustments. Since I've opted to complete the project, I'm open to any additional suggestions you might have to enhance t...
I am in need of an experienced illustrator with a sharp eye for architec...with a sharp eye for architectural style and medium-level detail. Your task will be to convert about 100 of my basic 2D and 3D architectural line art illustrations into 3D line art illustrations. The output can be in colourful or black and white, but they should be visually appealing and clean. Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in creating architectural style illustrations - Experienced in creating detailed illustrations - Ability to transform 2D designs into 3D line art The architectural style should be modern, keeping the design minimalist with an emphasis on detaild, cleanliness and appeal. Your creativity will be greatly appreciated in this project, and I look forward to seeing your inno...
In order to effectively drive my ongoing project, I'm in need of someone skilled at gathering specific data and preparing it into a highly organized spreadsheet. The data needed include: - Name - Email - Job/Business - Phone number(Whats app) of (NRI) Non Resident Indians in UAE The ideal candidate for this task should demonstrate: - Proficiency in data collection, and data management. - High level of accuracy and attention to detail. - Proven experience in sourcing data and utilizing Excel or similar spreadsheet software. Looking forward to advancing my project with your expertise.
I require a copywriter well-versed in the aspect of personal...in the aspect of personal development for individuals, focusing on career growth. The ultimate objective is to convert prospects to clients through engaging and convincing content. This project demands content that will inspire individuals seeking personal development to take concrete steps towards career growth and maintain focus. The right freelancer will: - Have experience in writing for coaching or personal development - Be persuasive and able to convert leads into customers - Understand how to build a credible brand through copywriting In essence, I need a copywriter who can increase website traffic and contribute to building up my brand's trustworthiness. Lo...
...them into a CSV file. The program should include the duration each house has been listed on the site, and have it run every hour to capture new listings. Additionally, I would like duplicates to be automatically eliminated. Key Responsibilities: - Scrape for home addresses - Compile addresses in CSV format - Include the duration each house has been listed - Run the program every hour to capture new listings - Automatically eliminate any duplicate entrie - Run CSV file against another data base that has age and name of owner and contact info. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Experience in web scraping and data extraction - Proficiency in programming languages suitable for web scraping (e.g. Python, Scrapy) - Knowledge of CSV file creatio...
I need someone to transcribe the content of the picture to a excel as the same way. I have 100 picutures like this one. How much for this job?
My Excel file is very heavy and unorganized. I want it to get cleaned and effecient
I'm seeking a skilled developer to convert Figma designs into a WordPress blog. This task will require: - Strong proficiency in WordPress development - Knowledge of Figma - An eye for blog design will be advantageous Key website functionalities include: - Social media integrations - YouTube integration without autoplay - Implementation of Cookies, AdSense - SEO optimization - Easy mechanism for copying and pasting content. The website will host many blog posts as I'll be uploading AI-generated content often. If you're this person, I'm excited to work with you! IMPORTANT: Good communication skills are required as we will be discussing how the blog will be, its features, functionalities etc. Please ask any questions you have.
I’m looking for a freelancer proficient in Excel who can create a dynamic tool for my restaurant business that helps in managing my food costs and menu pricing calculations. Key responsibilities include: 1. Cost Analysis: Crafting a spreadsheet that can factor-in: - Food cost percentage - Gross profit margin - Break-even analysis 2. Menu Pricing: The spreadsheet should provide calculations on: - Menu item profitability - Menu item pricing based on the desired profit margin Ideal candidates are detailed-oriented and have substantial knowledge in cost analysis and pricing strategy in the restaurant industry. Excel expertise including functions and formulas is paramount. Past experience in successfully building such tools will be a definitive plus.
...original and influenced by popular memes, adding a distinct flair to each creation. Responsibilities: - Craft engaging Instagram Reels and animated content featuring our milkbag character. - Take the lead in brainstorming ideas and concepts for new animations. - Maintain a steady workflow to meet deadlines consistently. - Collaborate closely with our team to ensure the animations resonate with our brand and vision. Requirements: - Proficiency in animation software like Adobe After Effects, Photoshop, or equivalent tools. - A robust portfolio showcasing prior animation projects. - Ability to work autonomously and drive creative initiatives. - Excellent communication skills and a collaborative mindset. - Meticulous attention to detail and a knack for...
I need to convert a complex PDF file into AutoCAD 2021. The original document contains a number of layers and dimensions that need to be accurately transcribed. I prefer working with someone who is comfortable with video calls as I will need to communicate and request revisions through this medium. Your understanding of AutoCAD should be advanced to ensure that the converted file is precise and error-free. Additionally, promptness and responsiveness to video call meetings is crucial for this project.
I need a simplistic, one-page website linked to a database. This page will have limited content, including a logo and a 'check authenticity' button. The database will be provided in an Excel sheet format, and must be integrated seamlessly into the page. Key Requirements: - Develop a one-page website - Integrate an Excel database for product authentication - Provide a clean, simplistic design Ideal Skills and Experience: - Experience in web development, particularly one-page websites - Proficiency in database integration, specifically Excel - Ability to create clean and minimalist designs - Strong understanding of web security and authentication processes
I'm seeking an expert in data analysis to help with profiling and analyzing our financial data. The ideal professional will have the following experience and skills: - Proficient in financial data analysis - Able to generate comprehensive analytical reports - Experienced in Excel for data presentation
I'm looking for a professional to create a landing page for my consulting office website. Key Requirements: - The main objective of this landing page is to provide contact information to potential clients. It should be designed in a way that makes it easy for visitors to find and use the contact details. Ideal Skills & Experience: - Proven experience in creating engaging and effective landing pages that convert. - Strong understanding of UX/UI design principles. - Knowledge of best practices for contact form design and user experience. - Familiarity with the consulting industry and its typical design standards would be a plus. Please note that the color scheme and specific elements to be included on the page have not been specified, s...
I´ve an web app developed in node.js that now i need to publish to apple store and playstore. No tables or requests to server, all is done on code, need to convert.
...of a freelancer who can convert my hand-drafted plans into a basic, digital 3D model using Revit. This model will serve as a rough visual representation of the building, primarily focusing on its structural elements. It does not have to have any specific measurements or scale, you can choose what the measurements are, I just want them to look similar to the plans. Key Requirements: - Converting hand-drafted plans into floor plans and a simple 3D model in Revit - Focusing on structural elements, with minimal interior, exterior, and landscaping details - Not required to be accurate in scale or measurements Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in Revit software - Previous experience with 3D modeling, especially in architectural or building contex...
I'm searching for a skilled Virtual Assistant (VA) to manage a small inventory of less than 100 entries. Your responsibilities will include: - Data entry: Accurately inputting necessary information into our system. - Spreadsheet management: Expertly organizing and managing our inventory data in Excel. - Reporting: Creating clear, concise, and actionable reports based on the inventory data. To execute these tasks proficiently, you should be well-versed in the SUMIF and Pivot Tables functions in Excel. Prior experience in managing small to medium-sized inventories will prove beneficial. Your ability to pay attention to detail, demonstrate excellent problem-solving skills, and deliver results in a timely manner will be important for succ...
I need assistance in converting a PDF file to Word for the purpose of editing its content. Specifically, my focus lies on the conclusion section of the document, which requires careful handling due to the presence of complex charts. - Main task: Convert PDF to Word, while retaining original formatting - Important: Special attention to edit the conclusion part - Skills required: Proficient in Microsoft Word, conversion software, and chart interpretation. Your proficiency in understanding and handling similar conversion tasks and ability to edit complex charts will be critical in ensuring this project's completion to high standards.
...stock market data from the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and save it to a csv file. The application must be compatible with Windows. Key Features: - **Data Downloading**: The primary function of the application is to download 1 minute stock market data from the any chosen stock exchange in real time. - **Data Saving**: The downloaded data needs to be saved to a csv file. - **Data Filtering Options**: The application should allow for various data filtering options to facilitate data analysis. - **Real-time Alerts**: It should provide real-time alerts triggered by certain market conditions as well as calculated alerts based on oscilator calculation - **Historical Data Access**: The application should also facilitate access to histo...
